Oras Na: Documentary Reaction Paper Essay

Oras Na, a GMA News and Public Affairs environmental documentary hosted by Richard Gutierrez gave us a 60 minute view of how our nature looks like in this new generation. Every minute, every hour of our own life, and the uses of out natural resources, this documentary showed us what we need to know – our nature’s deadline. Experts gave deadlines to our country’s natural resources. In 2025, trees in the forests of our country may possibly be gone. Same in this year, we will be suffering from low supply of clean water in the country. We could also suffer in low supply of fossil fuels in 2030. And in 2050, there’s no more fishes to eat. I’ve learned about the four main problem that we and the country will be facing in the future. One of the problem in the country is about the marine resources. It is shown in the documentary that there’s 7 billion people in the whole word who needs to eat and 90 million of the number is in the Philippines. 70% of the Filipino’s are having fish and sea foods as their daily food. And one of the biggest natural resources we have on earth is the sea which covers 77% of the planet. Fifty decades before is when we are fond of having plenty of aquatic resources. In Navotas Fish Port – biggest fish port in the country and one of the biggest in Asia, 400 tons of fish are delivered per day, it looks like it’s quiet a large number of deliveries but it doesn’t, compared to the tons of fishes delivered twenty years ago. One of the University in Canada said that not even before the year 2050, there are some places in the country which experiencing the loss numbers of fishes. Big fishes like tuna decreases its numbers also. It is said that 10% from their original numbers way back fifty years ago is what we have now. During 1970’s & 1980’s, 150 tons of tuna were delivered in General Santos Fish Port, which is the biggest tuna port in the world, and now it is down to only 50 tons. Because of this, Western and Cultural Pacific Fisheries Commission ordered to have a Tuna Ban which prohibits wide fishing of tuna  and only use handline instrument of fishing on big part of the international waters. By this order, some fishers are forced to grab fish/tuna where it is prohibited like in Indonesia. The reason for this decreasing number of fishes was studied by the UP Marine Science Institute. In the seven of the most productive fishing resource in the Philippines, it shows that the number of the fishers are over 50% compared to the sea’s capacity to increase the number of fish. Dr. Perry Alià ±o, a professor in UP Marine Science Institute, said that another reason is because 80-90% are overfish and some species are slowly being extinct in some areas which can happen and is already happening for some species right now. As the population in the country increases, the demand of fish as food also increases. As well as many fishes are being catch even though they are too small and too young to be sold in the public, not getting the chance to give birth to another specie. According to experts, the solution for this decreasing number of fishes is to reduce the fishing effort by 50%, for we are twice as it’s capacity to accommodate. Second problem in our country is having plenty supply of water. The cleanliest river in the country can be seen in Pandan, Antique. It gives water supply to over 3, 000 households in their town. And this kind of cleanliness in water can be seen in the rivers in our country way back Spanish time, even the Pasig river was said to be that clean. Water shortage can be experience right now in some places in Tawi-Tawi like Sitangkai which is the farthest island in the country, and in Bongao. In Tubigan, Bicol, people dig underground to have supply from the ground water and after 4 years, they will find other places to have their water supply as well as in Brgy. Bangkulasi, Navotas which their water is trusted to a water truck from other place. Water is the problem to this some places but there will come a time that it would be everyone’s problem according to Philippine Water Monitor of World Bank, year 2025, we’ll be experiencing a fresh water crisis. But before that, according to Pacific Institute for Studies and Development, Environment and Security, year 2020, estimated 77 million people in the world, mostly children will die because of diseases gain from contaminated water especially the ground water which is the main source of  water because of pollution. Third is the decreasing number of trees in the forest. The old growth tress which are aged hundreds can be gone in just an hour by cutting and if this will still continue, we can no longer see it by year 2020. Way back 1870’s, Philippines was covered by 70% of the forest but now the country has only 8% from its original number of forest cover. The reason is deforestation. Deforestation rate is directly proportional with population rate. By doing deforestation for our different needs and demands in the society and continuously cutting of trees, forests can be erase in the map by 2025. In Northwest Panay Peninsula, this problems starts to show where mountains of trees are put into fire to have a coal production and to plant crops. In Surigao del Norte, other part of the forest are used for mining. Lastly, about the Fossil Fuel supply. There are three sources of energy in the country; coal, natural gas and oil or fossil fuel. It was said that fossil fuel production started to decrease last 2012, which is three years before. According to International Energy Agency, we will experience 5 out of 10% of decrease rate production until 2030 where there’s no more fossil fuel to supply energy in the country. In this state, experts are finding alternative supply of energy like solar powers, wind mills, geothermal power and hydroelectric power. These problems was stated in the documentary and therefore became a way to open the minds of the people to be more attentive on their society. Nature, as how much it helps our lives also have their limits when it comes to the resources. And we, people, should also have the limit in using them and knowledge on how to use them in a right way. I, myself, was shocked to see how some of the places in our country is suffering from this problems and thinking that I am one of the lucky yet people who’s living with the resources and not minding any problem with those. Watching the documentary, I recalled how my parents always told me to waste water, food, and paper when I was a kid. And now I fully understand what’s that supposed to mean. That I, in that small way can help to slow down the decreasing rate of the natural resources we have. Documentaries always give its audience a learning in the end, and this one, Oras Na, is saying the people should at least conserve water and energy, lessen the catching of fishes, and stop the cutting of trees. Since we are living in an urban and centralized place, which we are one lucky people, we are not yet experiencing this problems unlike the places featured on the documentary, so it is easy for us to waste every time and opportunity that we are wasting any of these natural resources. As what I’ve said in the second paragraph, each are having their deadlines. And the deadlines set is going near. We should start taking care of what we have which we must have done before, before we regret and suffer from itself.

Managerial Accounting Case Analysis Essay

Compare assigned costs per product under both methods. Why has Activity-based costing changed the total costs assigned to each product? By comparing the two cost assigned methods, there are some differences existed: Unit Product Cost:| Gadgets| Smidgets| Smadgets| Smadgets| Traditional Costing Method| 400| 1,000| 1,350| 850| Activity-Based Costing Method| 590| 1,100| 760| 1,250| Overhead Cost| Widgets| Gadgets| Smidgets| Smadgets| Traditional Costing Method| 200,000| 600,000| 800,000| 400,000| Activity-Based Costing Method| 390,000| 600,000| 210,000| 800,000| I deduct the main reason for that are: Traditional Costing Method use the Overhead Rate (200% of direct labor) and the Activity-Base Costing Method just use the Overhead Cost Drives. As for Traditional Costing Method, the company just accumulate costs into a cost center (Three kinds of costs: director material, director labor, Manufacturing Overhead) , and the Manufacturing overhead just equals the director labor multiply by 200% , the Overhead Rate. These three kind of costs added together we got the total cost, and the total cost divided by the each unit built, we get the final unit product cost, I think it is a rough calculating process. The result depends on the direct labor hours and regardless of any other elements, if direct labor dose not account for a larger portion of the product, the result will not be accurate. In terms of Activity-based costing method, the company use Overhead Cost Drives (There are three allocation bases in the ABC method: depreciation, machine set-up and rent). The Overhead expense just use cost drivers (Such as Machine hours, Set-up hours and Rent) to apply the costs on the products. On the basis of these three, we can get the Overhead cost drive’s Pool Rate, and we also get the actual Cost Driver Quantity for Product Line, and finally we can know what is the exact Activity Cost for Product Line with respect products, finally, we got the total ABC Overhead cost for the three products. So I think this allocating process is more accurate, because it use the Cost drives into different part in detail.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Free International Trade

Advantages and Disadvantages of Free International Trade    Title of Coursework (please provide whole question) 2(a) Explain why free international trade can be good for countries’ economies, and examine the attempts to reduce trade barriers in the past decade. (maximum 1,000 words) 2 (b) What negative effects might free international trade have upon countries’ economies, and why might counties adopt protectionist policies? (maximum 1,000 words)    Question 2a, Explain why free international trade can be good for countries’ economies, and examine the attempts to reduce trade barriers in the past decade. Trade is a major engine of growth, both in developed and developing countries. Correspondingly, the opening of markets to allow for free trade internationally has been cited as a key factor boosting trade and economic growth globally over the years (OECD, 1999; 2003). There are a number of theories that highlight the reasons why countries should engage in international trade, and which cons equently enhance support for the argument for free trade. These include Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage, the theory of comparative advantage by David Ricardo, and other more recent theories (Mankiw, 2010). The theory of comparative advantage which is one of the most popular theories advocating free trade, posits that nations should specialise in the production of goods for which they have relative/comparative advantage, and exchange them for products from other countries with relative advantage in other products (Reuvid and Sherlock, 2011). Although this theory has some flaws, one of them being that it ignores limits in international demand that may exist for the specialised outputs of some countries (Reuvid and Sherlock, 2011), it nevertheless provides a strong argument for the promotion of free trade. Beyond theoretical reasons, statistics lend further support to the benefits of engaging in international trade. Sachs and Warner (1995), in a study to determine whet her nations open to trade are more prosperous, over a period from 1970 to 1989, reported that for developed countries, the rate of growth for open economies was 2.3% per year, and compared with 0.7% for closed economies. In developing countries, the gains were even higher, with a growth rate of 4.5% for open countries, as against 0.7% for closed countries. The OECD (2003) highlights other potential benefits of removing barriers to trade. They state that removing all tariffs on merchandise trade, and reducing the costs of trade by 1% of global trade value will boost overall welfare globally by over $170 billion a year, and this could add the equivalent of up to 2% to the current GDP of some regions. Other advantages of promoting free international trade through the removal of barriers are as follows: It gives customers greater choice by making available a wider variety of products, and also access to potentially cheaper and/or better quality goods. Removing price distortions encourag es the use of resources in a way that maximises the advantages offered by a country’s strengths/resources. In developing countries, these improvements in resource allocation and increased revenue from exports contribute to the national income and increase the resources available for further investments in development. It also enhances a country’s productivity and wealth (Love and Lattimore, 2009; Reuvid and Sherlock, 2011; The Economist, 2013b). These benefits have led to considerable attempts to reduce trade barriers, some of which shall be discussed subsequently.

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Microeconomics - Essay Example The ecological paradigm emphasises on the health and survival of ecosystems. This means minimal and controlled exploitation of the ecosystem. On the other hand, microeconomics stresses on maximising the welfare of the people. This involves maximum exploitation of resources. This causes destruction, depletion and pollution. This has led to the development of ecological economics. This field deals with merging the insights of the two paradigms and resolve their differences. Microeconomics seeks to understand why a market has failed to deliver satisfactory results. It then explains theoretical conditions that are necessary for achievement of perfect competition. When a market has failed, its standard economic assumptions have been undermined. Causes for this include, negative externalities which makes social cost of production to surpass private cost. An example is effects of pollution. On the other hand, positive externalities cause social benefits of consumption to be higher than the private benefit. Imperfect information leads to over-production of demerit goods and under-production of merit goods. Underproduction and high prices can result from dominance by monopolies in the market. Incomplete market occurs where buyers and sellers are not fully aware of the other person’s position regarding product price hence prices may not reflect the true value for the product. Production inefficiency results from factor immobility which causes unemployment. Its competitive advantage is below the expectations of the society (Garegnani, 2006). Market failure results in allocative inefficiency. This is where there is resource misallocation and production of products that are not needed by customers at that time. It is an issue because these resources could have been utilized to make products that meet customer needs. It also causes production inefficiency. This is where given inputs are put in place but the outputs are

Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Imperialism - Essay Example n instance, Michael Parenti depends on the economic exploitations of imperialism as the basis of his definition, as he says, â€Å"By imperialism I mean the process whereby the dominant politico-economic interests of one nation expropriate for their own enrichment the land, labor, raw materials, and markets of another people† (24). A true impartial tone about the core nature of imperialism is Lake’s definition, as he says, â€Å"Imperialism is a form of international hierarchy in which one political unit, or polity, effectively governs or controls another polity† (7232). Since Lake’s political perspective focuses on the core political aspect of imperialism, it, though implicitly, implicates other aspects also through the two terms â€Å"effectively governs or control† and â€Å"another polity†. The term â€Å"effective control† refers to suppressions in various economic and cultural forms because the dominant polity in imperialism cannot assimilate â€Å"another polity† within itself by obliterating the otherness and the distance that prevails between the dominant and the dominated. Lake refers to this failure of the imperialistic dominant to shed the otherness as a primary cause of suppression in the following quote: â€Å"Exploitation of the weak by the stron g is not essential to imperialism, but it is an often natural outgrowth of effective domination. The affinity between domination and exploitation explains the typically pejorative status of the term.† (7232) In fact, the definition of imperialism is such that it cannot shed off its oppressive and repressive apparels. The existential basis of Imperialism essentially lies in the early European Colonialism. Though the overall concept of imperialism is different from early European colonialism, the underlying motif to rule the weaker people is existent at the core of these two forms of dominance. Indeed the later one is more associated with the political systems of ruling the people of an area than the colonialism

Humen Resourse Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Humen Resourse Management - Assignment Example There are countless challenges that may face the store. Working as the manager of the store that sells computer equipment and accessories, it is crucial to monitor employees so as to make sure that they are conscious of their situation. After four months, it is clear that there are some personal challenges that most employees face. One of the main issues is the ethical behaviour exhibited by the personnel. The morals of the employees is seen as being low, which means that some of the things they do behind the back of the manager and fellow employees may be questionable. In management, this may be a particularly problematic issue. It is vital for all employees to value their contribution to the organization (Matiza, 2013). By failing to realise that their actions may be negatively impacting the organization, they are helping bring down the company because these actions may be done in the presence of customers. If the above happens, employees and the establishment run the risk of pushing customers away with certain behaviour, which may not be deemed as professional. Another issue that faces employees in the store may be the absence rate of employees, which appear to be on the rise. To address this issue as a manager, it is possible to get to the root of the problem by asking around about the health history of all employees. This can give an insight into what might be the problem that each employee faces and if it can be controlled. Moreover, by making the workplace a more accommodative place, it is likely to decrease the hazards that workers are exposed to, increasing the overall performance (Matiza, 2013). Question 2 There are certain practices within HR that are related to the case presented. One of the main practices of the department involves creating a work environment that benefits both the organization and individuals working in the store. It is vital for all managers to create a positive working environment, which allows individuals to thrive and ultimately contribute towards the business’ success (Matiza, 2013). The most effective policy may border on promoting collaboration between employees. This may work toward guaranteeing togetherness in the workplace, which fosters an environment that is positive and allows the growth of both individual and business. The positive work environment can improve employee relations that may allow all employees to develop a culture of commonness. The second most important aspect of HR practice would be the issue of appraisals. It is crucial for organizations to have a formal appraisal system where the manager can learn more about the employees in the establishment (Matiza, 2013). Failure to have such a system in place may work toward promoting a culture that is not aimed at the organization’s success. Performance appraisals are especially crucial. This is because they may act as motivators for all employees when there is the prospect of promotion or performance-based pay. Among the functions of HR, there is

Types of Newspapers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Types of Newspapers - Essay Example There are different types of newspapers and they can be classified in different ways. Classification based on frequency The frequency of the newspaper being published is one of the most common ways of classifying the newspaper. Based on the frequency of its publications newspapers can be classified into: Daily Newspapers This is the most common type of newspapers. Daily newspapers are published everyday and cover important news from the previous day. It also carries information regarding the current day. Daily newspapers are the most circulated and read in the whole world. Normally it is published aiming to reach the reader everyday morning. The target audience of a daily newspaper is vas. They target every market segments which includes all demographic profile. But there are also afternoon and evening newspapers that carry breaking news from the current day and are aimed at office workers and commuters (Ric Publications, 1993). Examples of daily newspapers are New York Times, New Yo rk Post, Washington Post, etc. Bi-Weekly Newspapers Bi-Weekly newspapers are published twice a week and can be general or content specific newspaper. These papers in most cases interpret or put forward the news in a different way. They do an in-depth coverage of general news when compared to daily newspapers and style of reporting is also different. The target audience may vary depending on what the paper is covering. Bi-weekly papers can be community or a group specific newspaper which only concentrate on the news related to the community or the group. The Dartmouth Review is an example of a bi-weekly newspaper which is published twice a week at Dartmouth College. It concentrates on news related to the college. The Jewish Journal is another example of a bi-weekly newspaper which is a community sponsored newspaper and covers news related to the Jewish community. Weekly Newspaper Weekly newspapers are published once in a week. These have smaller circulation than daily newspapers. The y mainly cover local news and community based news. They are usually based and limited smaller areas such as towns and cities. There are very less national level weekly newspapers. They adopt a niche strategy and target a specific market. For example a weekly newspaper may target only sports, advertising (free ads), etc. Examples of weekly newspapers are Florida weekly, Honolulu Weekly, etc. Classification based on the news covered Newspapers can also be classified based on the news that they cover. They can be mainly classified into: National Newspapers National newspaper is one which circulates through out the country. Each country has newspapers that have their presence in the entire country. They mainly cover the national news and the international news. The .local news is also covered but not in detail. News of national importance is given primary importance and makes up for the majority of the news covered. The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal are examples of nationa l newspapers. International Newspapers There are not many newspapers that can be categorised as international newspapers. To be an international newspaper the paper must concentrate primarily on international news which not many newspapers do. International Herald Tribune is one of the newspapers that can be categorised. Also there are some national newspapers who release the international editions of their papers. Regional/local Newspapers Regional or local newspapers target regional news

The Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984 provide sufficient Essay

The Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE) 1984 provide sufficient safeguards to prevent miscarriages of justice. Critically discuss whether this statement is true in relation to eyewitness testimony - Essay Example What this code does is to therefore try and safeguard the law and prevent any miscarriages of the law (Ozin, Norton and Spivey, 2006, pg. 125). A miscarriage of justice in this case refers to any punishment or even conviction of an individual for a crime that he or she did not commit (Samuels, 2014, pg. 1790). Eyewitness evidence is a very helpful source of evidence in determination of any case. However it is also a very fragile form of evidence as it is subjected to psychological evaluation by both the prosecution and defence team and this may test the credibility. The eyewitnesses are usually shaken by the different approaches taken by the two legal teams some of which are unexpected and this leads to them making mistakes or omitting important facts that lead to many juries discounting the eyewitness testimonies (Bromby, MacMillan and McKellar, 2007, pg. 340). The testimony of eyewitnesses is first of all collected by police officers once the crime is committed and recorded according to Code D of PACE. The code provides specific methods of collecting the testimony and identifying suspects which must be followed to the letter. This however is not exactly the case (Samuels, 2007, pg. 3). There are rogue police officers and others who are not so keen to follow to the letter the code according to the Act. Lack of following these specified methods and procedures is what leads to miscarriages of justice as the wrong suspects are identified and convicted of a crime they did not commit (Garrett, 2011, pg. 287). What usually happens is that the police officers lead the eye witness to a suspect by providing several descriptions which confuses the eyewitness and him or she agrees. This especially happens in cased where there is no suspect in custody already where facial identification can be made by the eye witness or even in cases

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Business - Essay Example They both provide the English legal system necessary tools for the correct and fair application of law. They are flexible yet rigid so as to ensure consistency of approach and certainty of law.1 Statutory Interpretation Parliament has the power to enact laws. The law making is subject to a long and complicated process. Courts in England and Wales have the power to interpret these laws (statutes) made by the Parliament whenever cases involving the respective statutes appear before them during the course of judicial proceedings. The judges/courts will explain how the relevant law is applicable in practice to the problems the courts are seized of during the course of litigation process. The meanings of the words appearing in the statutes of Parliament are interpretable by the judges in accordance with Statutory rules and Common law rules. Statutory method consists of Interpretation Act 1978 and Internal or Intrinsic aids while Common law method consists of literal rule by which courts r ender plain meaning to the words irrespective of result, golden rule by which courts adopt the meaning of the words more appealing to common sense in the case of more than one meaning being attributed to the word in question, mischief rule by which the judge has to interpret in the light of knowledge if the law has a defect or mischief , ejusdem generic rule which requires words must be interpreted as a person or thing belonging to the same class or genus, expressio unius est exclusion alterius rule which means that in case of a rule mentioning one or more things, other should be excluded oscitus a soccis rule which requires to follow the contextual meaning of a word in question. Further there are presumptions and use of extrinsic material. The presumptions entail that courts can a make various assumptions such as act not with retrospective effect, not binding the crown, not altering the common law, restricting personal liberty and creating criminal liability. The extrinsic material s serve as sources of information. They are International Conventions and Treaties, Law Commission Reports and Hansard proceedings which once had not been allowed to be used for statutory interpretation2. Judicial precedent Judicial precedent is common law system by which a precedent serves as an authority, principle or rule established in a litigation formerly decided. This becomes a binding or persuasive precedent for lower courts or tribunal to be followed in deciding future cases with similar facts or issues. The precedent appears in various forms. They are precedent in action that refers to the judge’s speech in a judgement, European Court of Justice (ECJ) since all the English courts are bound by the ECJ concerning European law with effect from 1973, The Supreme Court (formerly House of Lords) as this is the highest domestic court of appeal serving as the judicial authority which the House of Lords enjoyed formerly. Court of appeal whose decisions are binding on the Hig h Court and whose decisions are bound to the Supreme Court, Divisional Courts who are bound by the decisions of Supreme Court and Court of Appeal and High Court which is bound by the decisions of Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and Divisional Court and not by another High court judge. 3 It would be clear therefore judiciary’s function is not to simply apply the laws but to interpret them and establish binding precedents. It is because there are difficulties in drafting out legislation and there are chances of unintended meanings and ambiguities creeping in the statutes. In many cases, the Parliament’s intent will be very clear in which case it will facilitate Court’s interpretation in an unambiguous manner. Courts are enabled to

Reflective Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective Analysis Assignment - Essay Example The piece is also academic based on the fact that it makes reference to works done by other researchers in the same discipline. Another strong point of the formal essay (iii) is that it contains paragraphs that present the ideas of the essay in a logical manner. This is contrary to many essays written extemporaneously that mainly do not have a logical flow of ideas. The same structure is demonstrated by the formal essay (i) on â€Å"Learned Habit.† Nevertheless, the formal essay (i) contains large paragraphs that seem to express a mix of ideas. For instance, in the second part of the formal essay (i), the purpose of the essay and the negative impacts of smoking have been integrated in the same paragraph (formal essay i). Such an integration of ideas could be avoided by the use of an extemporaneous work that enhances the initial development of ideas. Considering the extemporaneous informal writing (i), the paper is written in a single paragraph that has a repetition of ideas, lacks a thesis statement, and lacks a logical flow of ideas. The work could be improved by ensuring that every idea has its logical significance by being presented as a paragraph. The informal writing (ii) starts with hanging ideas that do not have either an introduction or a conclusion. It appears like an excerpt from another essay that is incomplete. It was better if the essay was developed in point form since the length is like an outline of a better version of the paper to be developed later (informal writing ii). One of the best essays developed so far is the formal writing (ii). Although the writing does not have an introductory statement and a conclusion, it presents ideas in a logical manner and separates ideas based on their importance in the writing. Nevertheless, the informal writing (ii) does not recognize the ideas of other authors from which the essay is developed. Overall, the extemporaneous formal

The Relationship Between Alexander and the Great General Hephaestion Essay Example for Free

The Relationship Between Alexander and the Great General Hephaestion Essay Alexander III of Macedon, or better known as Alexander the Great was king of Macedon, a state in northern Ancient Greece. He was born in Pella in 356 B. C. and was tutored by Aristotle until the age of 16. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from the Ionian Sea to the Himalayas. He was undefeated in battle and is considered one of history’s most successful commanders. Alexander was an outgoing charismatic man, who had many friends, but his dearest and closest friend and confidant was Hephaestion. Hephaestion, son of Amyntor, was a Macedonian nobleman and a general in the army of Alexander the Great. He was born in Macedonia in 356 B. C. He was a member of Alexander the Great’s personal bodyguard, which then he went on to command the Companion cavalry, and was entrusted with many other tasks through Alexander’s ten-year campaign in Asia. Apart from being a soldier, engineer and diplomat, he corresponded with the philosophers Aristotle and Xenocrates, and supported Alexander in his attempts to integrate Greeks and Persians. Their relationship lasted through Alexander’s becoming of king, through the hardships of campaigning and the flatteries of court life, and their marriages. In all that Alexander undertook, Hephaestion was at his side making their friendship a working partnership. They worked well together making Alexander trust him and rely on him. When Alexander had to divide his forces he trusted Hephaestion with half of his men knowing that in him he had a man of unquestionable loyalty, who understood and sympathised with his aims, and above all, who got the job done. Hephaestion played a full part in Alexander’s regular consultations with senior officers, but he was also the one whom Alexander would talk to in private, sharing his thoughts, hopes and plans. Curtius states that Hephaestion was the sharer of all his secrets. At Alexander’s first wedding Hephaestion was the torch bearer (best man). This showed not only their friendship but also Hephaestion’s support for Alexander’s policies, as Alexander’s choice of an Asian bride had not been a popular one. When they returned to Persia Hephaestion was officially titled Alexander’s second in command. Hammond sums up their public relationship well: â€Å"It is not surprising that Alexander was as closely attached to Hephaestion as Achilles was to Patroclus†, and â€Å"At the time of his death Hephaestion held the highest single command, that of the Companion Cavalry; and had been repeatedly second in command to Alexander in the hierarchy of the Asian court, holding the title of Chiliarch, which had been held by Nabarzans under Darius. Thus Alexander honoured Hephaestion both as the closest of his friends and the most distinguished of his Field Marshals. It has been said that as well as being close friends Alexander and Hephaestion were also lovers. It cannot be proved that they were lovers as none of the ancient sources states this in so many words. However, Arrian describes the occasion when Alexander and Hephaestion publicly identified themselves with Achilles and Patroclus, who were acknowledged, by Plato and Aeschylus among others, to have been lovers. It happened at t he begging of the campaign in Asia when Alexander led a contingent of the army to visit Troy. He laid a wreath on the tomb of Achilles, and Hephaestion laid a wreath on the tomb of Patroclus, and they ran a race, naked, to honour their dead heroes. Robin Lane Fox, writing in 1973, says: â€Å"It was a remarkable tribute, uniquely paid, and it is also Hephaestion’s first mention in Alexander’s career. Already the two were intimate, Patroclus and Achilles even to those around them; the comparison would remain to the end of their days and is proof of their life as lovers, for by Alexander’s time, Achilles and Patroclus were agreed to have enjoyed the relationship which Homer had never directly mentioned. Nothing shows better the nature and length of their relationship than Alexander’s overwhelming grief at Hephaestion’s death. As Andrew Chugg says, â€Å"†¦ it is surely incredible that Alexander’s reaction to Hephaestion’s death could indicate anything other than the closest relationship imaginable. † Arrian says that Alexander â€Å"†¦ flung himself on the body of his friend and lay there nearly all day long in tears, and refused to be parted from him until he was dragged away by force of his companions. Arrian also said that Alexander, after Hephaestion’s death, described him as â€Å"†¦ the friend I valued as my own life. † In conclusion Alexander and Hephaestion’s relationship was extremely close. They may or may not have been lovers but the friendship they shared was one of a kind. Their tutor, Aristotle, described such a friendship as â€Å"†¦ one soul abiding in two bodies†. Paul Cartledge describes their closeness when he says: â€Å"Alexander seems actually to have referred to Hephaestion as his alter ego. † They truly were soul mates and had one of the strongest relationships in history.

Applied Skill for Human Services Essay Example for Free

Applied Skill for Human Services Essay The field of Human Services is broadly defined, uniquely approaching the objective of meeting human needs through an interdisciplinary knowledge base, focusing on prevention as well as remediation of problems, and maintaining a commitment to improving the overall quality of life of service populations. The Human Services profession is one which promotes improved service delivery systems by addressing not only the quality of direct services, but also by seeking to improve accessibility, accountability, and coordination among professionals and agencies in service delivery. (http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/what-is-human-services). Human services professional is a generic term for people who hold professional and paraprofessional jobs in such diverse settings as group homes and halfway houses; correctional, intellectual disability, and community mental health centers; family, child, and youth service agencies, and programs concerned with alcoholism, drug abuse, family violence, and aging. Depending on the employment setting and the kinds of clients served there, job titles and duties vary a great deal. The primary purpose of the human services professional is to assist individual and communities to function as effectively as possible in the major domains of living. A strong desire to help others is an important consideration for a job as a human services worker. Individuals who show patience, understanding, and caring in their dealings with others are highly valued by employers. Other important personal traits include communication skills, a strong sense of responsibility, and the ability to manage time effectively. (http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/what-is-human-services). When you think about it we all are in the human service field in some way or another, helping someone across the street, picking up something someone dropped for them, helping for the holidays, these are all ways of helping your fellow man/woman. The bigger difference is the profession of human service goes further to do this every day not just on a random whim. When it comes to helping a family on the brink of splitting up because abuse, violence, or  any other unthinkable act against a child will you help or just turn a cold shoulder, a human service worker has made a choice to put themselves as an advocate for the child/family to intervene and provide a safe haven or way out and away from the problem. When looking at Todd and Reggie, they really are going through a lot separately let alone together as a couple. You know off the bat that this will not be a quick couple of sessions and call it a day, these guys have a lot of things going on from death to substance abuse to being homosexual, which has been not as taboo as it has been in the past few years. The need separate counseling to air out their own personal issues then once that has been dealt with then try tackling couples therapy. Categories give order to life, and every day, we group other people into categories based on social and other characteristics. This is the foundation of stereotypes, prejudice and, ultimately, discrimination. A stereotype is an exaggerated belief, image or distorted truth about a person or group — a generalization that allows for little or no individual differences or social variation. Stereotypes are based on images in mass media, or reputations passed on by parents, peers and other members of society. Stereotypes can be positive or negative. A prejudice is an opinion, prejudgment or attitude about a group or its individual members. A prejudice can be positive, but in our usage refers to a negative attitude. Many of the prejudices and discrimination are passed down to the other generations. When the media and parents perpetuate degrading stereotypes and images about certain groups of people tend to discriminate others who belong to such groups. People with authoritarian personalities tend to prejudice as well since their thinking has its base on unconscious fears. Ethnocentrism makes people to evaluate other peoples culture based on their own and they are usually suspicious of outsiders. Group closure which involves keeping clear boundaries between groups with different characteristics could be another cause. The conflict theory suggests that the people who belong to the majority, the high social class and the privileged groups try very hard to hold on such positions. Any kind of competition especially from the minority can bring violence and conflict between them. In America, for example, black patients may go to a white counselor with negative expectations and biases. A recommendation to them would be to seek grief, alcohol, and substance abuse counseling aside from what they are getting. There may also be other programs Reggie could  look into for employment help as he is not really finding anything with the STARS program. It seems as if Reggie and Todd may need time apart before they can become a couple, They really need to sit down and be honest with each other and see if this really going anywhere or are they just hanging on in hopes something changes for the better. Resources http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/what-is-human-services http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/199805/where-bias-begins-the-truth-about-stereotypes

Cultural Heritage Tourism In India Tourism Essay

Cultural Heritage Tourism In India Tourism Essay Heritage is property of the world. It has important evidences of past incidents and changes and it is the necessity to conserve without political involvement and racial discrimination (UNESCO, 2004). So far Graham et al. (2000, p40) suggested Heritage is tremendously concerned in the construction and legitimating of collective constructs of uniqueness, such as group, gender, religion, civilization and nationalism. When we talk about the relation of heritage into tourism industry, at first, holy cities such as Rome are acknowledged as a highly multifunctional and even multi heritage place, as a result, the heritage attractions positively become the feature of Italy for tourist. To manifest the implication of heritage is consequently the key point of managing a heritage sites. As cultural heritage tourism is mostly dependant on the history, the events of the past has abundant evidence that how the past travels had been changing the entire pages of each century and affected our past life. Much of it is also passed on form age to age occasionally in the form in which it actually happened but more often as myth or fable. In whichever form it is of prime importance to a tourism professional, particularly in the circumstances such as the one obtaining in India with wealthy cultural heritage having continuity from the ancient (IGNOU, 2002). The process of finding will continue into the future because nobody can predict the number of real stories that have been buried in the earth and still not found. But somehow scholars have been able to find the real incidents of past with the help of evidences of literature which are still present all over the world as well as the role of scientists and researchers. Archaeology department of each country is encouraging the re searchers to find out about our past. These particular reasons have encouraged in selection of the dissertation topic, so at first this will focus on past history and development of Ajanta and Ellora caves and then it will look at the past record of tourist information and the with the help of available secondary data from Books, Journal articles, news papers past surveys and the information available on the internet, respective governments intergovernmental organization and non government agencies such as UNESCO, ICOMOS, IUCN, GHF, etc. Introduction Cultural heritage conservation is always a centre of discussion in the form of developing economy of various nations. Cultural heritage tourism product is becoming a prime source for developed and developing countries though it is a subsidized product of tourism. The reason of subsidizing may be underpinning of heritage tourism is attractions. Huge number of examples currently in practice throughout the world of natural and cultural heritage sites that are of internationally approved and many more thousands of local notoriety. All of these play an important role in the supply of tourism although they may draw different market segment e.g. international tourist and local recreational users. The present expansion of the Asias tourism market has many challenges, one of the main difficulties lie in understanding how cultural and religious heritage of Asians could be linked to the overall development of tourism. Asian countries which consider their religious, artistic, and general resources of heritage have unique features that has been attracting tourist around the world. The challenges of cultural and heritage base tourism created would require different choices about strategy, policies that are simultaneously both learning and teaching opportunities (United Nation, 2004). Countries like India where every tourist gets glimpses of diverse culture in his/her entire journey. India is primarily a cultural destination in international tourism. These are the features of India marketed as tourism product in international as well as domestic circuit. Domestic tourism competition already has begun in India from past decades as every state government has been developing their strategies with the help of international organization to improve the tourism. In result, due to sudden changes the competition can be seen among service providers as from hawkers to large scale stakeholders. In scenario market everyones mind has been diverting towards the heritage sites in India, thus it is creating trafficking of tourists as well as service providers. So it is affecting the quality of services and facilities. This shows a different picture of hospitality and tourism industry in India. Tourism industries are solely dependent on the visitors/ tourists who are the main drivers of this industry. Different demands and requirement of individuals is affecting on tourism industry. Also the issues and understanding of heritage tourism by different group of people as it may be visitors/tourists or local communities are different. To overcome from various aspects and issues which are related to heritage tourism require a better management system. Many cultural and natural heritage sites around the world are putting more focuses on issues regarding to visitors, maintenance and management of heritage site, analysis of monuments, flora and fauna, environment and lastly the sustainability. The tourist typology is boosting overall development of touristic market. The most important part of tourism is a cultural as well as natural heritage property. So it always remains prime attraction to most of the people to come and enjoy their holidays. This dissertation will focus on every aspect of cultural heritage tourism industry such as supply, demand, conservation and heritage visitors management, interpretation, authenticity and politics of cultural heritage site. The primary data can be retrieved with the help of some questionnaires to understand the real nature and find out what can be done more to achieve the overall development at Ajanta and Ellora Caves at Aurangabad. To understand the World cultural heritage site here the UNESCO has mentioned that it as a monuments, architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science; groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of exceptional universal importance from the point of view of history, art or science; sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which has excellent universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view (UNESCO, 2011). Here, In the Krakow Charter (2000), a monument is defined as a clearly determined entity, the bearer of values, which represent a support to memory. In it, memory recognises the aspects that are relevant to human performance and feelings, associated with the historic time-line (Vecco, M 2010). Apart from this many scholars considers that World Heritage Sites should not only be exemplary situations for the pursuit of research but also be closely identified with the creation and maintenance of different kinds of knowledge (Darvill, T., 2007). Tourists are always willing to learn new things as well as eager to exchange knowledge between each other. It is the fact to become aware about surroundings and changing of trends and practices in the world. Literature Review: Introduction: This chapter will investigate the perception of cultural heritage tourism and visitor management as well as development of tourism at site by reviewing several concerned literatures. The review will start with the overview of cultural heritage tourism including the concept of Culture, heritage, cultural heritage tourism and cave architecture from different World Heritage Sites to understand the their current scenario of cultural heritage tourism management. The review will be followed by the discussion on visitor impacts, their experience and management. Also it will focus on the intermediaries of cultural heritage tourism. Culture: Kalman, (2010) has given a simple definition of culture that, it is the way we live, it is the clothes which we wear, the food which we eat, the language which we speak, the stories which we tell and the ways we celebrate or express to each other; also it is a way we show our imagination by tradition which we have learnt from our ancestors. It includes arts, music, and literature. According to Pedersen, (2002) the culture has originated from group psychology behaviour, and the effect of surrounding environment, here is the example: since beginning all human being love to live in group it include people as well as animal, the effect of surroundings, interacting with other culture and regular exposure to outside groups incorporated new practices in to their way they live. Thus people have been moving away from their daily routine work and travel at various places to gain experience or exchange culture with each other. But currently it can see that influence of external culture is damag ing the traditional way of life. For example in the social cultural context women working outside the traditional family system can weaken interest in cultural traditions such as storytelling (Pedersen, 2002). Further from tourism point of view Singh (2004 in Imbal, 2010) explained that culture is creative artistic activities, goods and services produced by it, and the preservation of human heritage. According to this definition Imbal (2010) put a lime light as this it has brought attention not only indigenous or original culture of destinations to create value but also the impact on the economy and productive activities originate from or contributing to particular culture sector results in further value creating activities (Imbal, 2010). Cultural tourism: Cultural Tourism is the subset of tourism that is defined as travels concentrating toward experience the traditional and contemporary culture, arts, and special character of a place. This includes the performing, visual and literary arts, language, museums, heritage, crafts, architecture, design, film and broadcasting. The primary benefit of cultural tourism is economic impact. There are plenty of statistics that talk about the fact that travellers who participate in cultural activities spend more money and stay longer than leisure travellers. A good strategic planning of cultural heritage tourism shapes and defines a communitys image, in domestic as well as international tourism. According to McKercher and Du Cros, (2002) cultural tourism and cultural heritage management work as equivalent activities in most places with really little conversation between the two, also it shows common interest between the cultural and cultural heritage is such as the management, conservation, and preservation of the cultural and heritage properties. So the results of this many lost opportunities to provide value to visitor experiences even though managing rare and weak resources in a social context, environmentally and ethically responsible and in sustainable manner. They stated that occasionally this loss results in some unprincipled tourism operator who exploring the local culture and heritage assets for their own personal gains (McKercher and Du Cros, 2002). Hall and Zeppel (1990a:87 in Timothy and Boyd, 2003) stated that relation between cultural and heritage tourism is: Cultural heritage is experiential tourism based on being involved in and stimulated by the performing arts and festivals. Heritage tourism, whether in the form of visiting preferred landscapes, historic sites, buildings or monuments is also experiential tourism in the sense of seeking an encounter with nature or feeling part of the history of a place. Most researchers believe that heritage is linked to the past which symbolizes some sort of gift to be passed down to current as well as future generations, both in terms of cultural traditions and physical objects (Hardy, 1988 cited in Timothy and Boyd 2003). But in contrast many authors have pointed out that what elements of past a society need to maintain (Fladmark 1998; Graham et al., 2000; Hall and McArthur 1998 in Timothy and Boyd 2003). As there are many incidents all cannot link to the cultural aspects. This makes selective sort of heritage it assumes some aspect of value, that which is of personal value is labelled as personal or family heritage, whereas those values dictated by nations or communities become our heritage (Hall and McArthur 1998 cited in Timothy and Boyd 2003). Hall and Zappel (1990) observed differently that the connections between cultural and heritage tourism, stating that Cultural tourism is experiential tourism based on being involved in and stimulated by the performing arts, visual arts and festivals. Heritage tourism whether in the form of visiting preferred landscapes, historic sites, building or monuments, is also experiential tourism in the sense of seeking an encounter with nature or feeling part of the history of a place. However the most internationally accepted definition of heritage was defined by UNESCO that Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to the future generations (UNESCO 2008a, p.5). Timothy and Boyd (2003) define that heritage tourism as an immersion in the natural history human heritage, arts, philosophy and institutions of another region or country. According to them heritage can be divided into tangible immovable resources (e.g. national park, sanctuaries, monuments, buildings), tangible movable resources (e.g. objects in museums) and intangible resources including values, customs, ceremonies, lifestyles and experiences such as cultural events. The concept of intangible heritage; according to (Schmitt, 2008) safeguarding intangible heritage resource has derived from Government of Bolivia to protect the intellectual property rights of popular culture 1973; then in 1989, UNESCO put limelight on the safeguarding rights on traditional culture and Folklore. However this project started to collect CD about the culture and 90 objects were proclaimed as such masterpieces in three proclamations between 2001 and 2005. For example of the new UNESCO category of intangibl e heritage is the Kutiyattam Sanskrit Theatre in the southern Indian province of Kerala (Schmitt, 2008). Cultural heritage tourism a different market segment: To recognize in minutiae cultural heritage tourism market segment which is associated with visits to historical sites, monuments, and artistic scientific or heritage attraction? WTO has mentioned two definition of cultural heritage tourism in narrow sense it include movement of person for essentially cultural motivations such as study tours, performing art, and pilgrimages. In broader manner it is defined as all movements of persons, because of satisfy the human need for diversity, tending to raise the cultural level of the individual and giving rise to new knowledge experience and encounters. Since cultural is prejudiced definition of cultural tends to the extensive as well as narrow, depending on the practical uses in the field (Pedersen, 2002). The importance of Heritage The importance of heritage is highly depending on their value and attitude as type of heritage resources which significant to different communities, groups and individuals. Hall and McArthur (1993) have explained the importance of heritage tourism divided in to four as social, economical, scientifically and political (Hall and McArthur 1993a). In social significance, heritage refers to personal and collective identity people and society have which can lead to create a sense of belonging. The sense of belonging and social conscience is a driver to consider preservation in the first place. Social science such as anthropology and cultural studies involve artefact of heritage or cultural heritage as presenting folkloric traditions or dance. Apart from this historical monuments and natural heritage are creating more opportunities to the scientist and researchers to find out the method and types of material they used in making of sites. The archaeological department of each country try to preserve the wall paintings and sculpture at various world heritage sites (Hall and McArthur 1993a) according to them sites can provide the history lesson for not only students and visitor who related or have interest in the history but also local communities to know the importance of sites sometime lack of initiatives and interest shown by local people which affect on conservation of heritage properties. Under the social context Baig, A., (2011 in Times of India, 2011) points out that the importance of health and education only in local communities can helps to achieve possible sustainability of cultural heritage tourism. She has given example how the impact of massive tourism affects as Taj Mahal, Indias most iconic site, which is situated in Agra, but it is one of the most dismal destinations in the world. One side of the industry is ensure that the Taj Mahal is protected but another side shows the current status of city economy is in decline, and its people have paid an unwanted high price. Further Baig and Morgan, 2011 in Times of India, 2011, emphasis on the empowerment of local communities can help to achieve inclusive development of heritage sites throughout the world (Times of India, 2011). In terms of economic importance, heritage is preserved because of its value for tourism and recreation. As being a large scale business, heritage tourism can generate incomes for the sites either from visitor spending or sponsorship from various stakeholders (Hall and McArthur 1993a). According to an article which was released in Times of India (2011) Sethi (2011) has mentioned that Heritage can become a serious economic driver for developing countries, if the country is able to get its act together. The global heritage fund organizations 2010 report says that developing countries like India can tap a $ 100 billion a year opportunity by 2025, if they make sincere attempt to preserve and responsibly develop their heritage sites. Further scientifically and educational importance of heritage attractions where both natural and cultural heritage sites such as national parks may have rare habitat and endangered species which will be useful for scientific researches. As research may consists of ecosystem dynamics, comparative ecology, surveys of fauna and flora, and the association of base ecological data, environment change and human impacts on the ecosystem of cultural and natural world heritage sites (Hall and McArthur 1993). In terms of political importance, Hall and McArthur (1993a, p. 9) state that the meaning and symbolism of heritage may serve political ends. As the conservation and understanding of certain heritage attractions may serve to emphasize on a particular version of history or to promote existing political values. Furthermore, the ownership of heritage and the institutional arrangement also have political implication as the rights and wishes of private owners may place conflict with government or public interests (Hall and McArthur 1993a; Timothy and Boyd 2003). Then, there is the question about political will. Jain, 2011 in Times of India, 2011 stated that culture is often considered a soft subject and that shows in the bundling of the portfolio with other ministries like youth or sports affairs. The governments schemes are often well-intentioned, but there is rarely any follow-through. For instance, under the public-private partnership adopt-a monument project a good idea for corporate to do their bit for conservation, but it fell through, because of red tape (Times of India, 2011). To understand the nature of the scheme Archaeological department of Scotland Adopt-a-Monument project based on providing volunteer groups with all the practical guidance and training they want to play a leading role in caring for their local archaeology. For example Scotland adopt-a monument scheme putting more focus on helping volunteers which includes children and young people to improve sites which they are really passionate about it. This practice will equip the volunteers with new skill in archaeological fieldwork and conservation and can get chance to access educational literature resources about the heritage. Which help to create awareness among local area and it effect to promote of heritage site, this way the respective government try to keep them active which helps to enjoy teamwork with practical result (Archaeology Scotland, 2011). Current tourist demand: According to (Pavlic, 2009) up gradation in the standard of living is become a main cause of rises in fluctuation of tourists spending, for example: the income generating from the modern tourism commodities. Modern tourists behaviour is the main factor in current tourism industry. As currently many of travel operations that could be from demand side or supply side are in boom because ease of accessing Information through internet and infrastructure developments. So the importance of information technology in the current industry is the main factor while considering the supply and demand of tourism industry it can be assumed that the personal needs of the modern tourism have more influence compare to old masses of tourism. The current tourism mostly depended on economic mass and production to consume mass, standardized and rigidly packaged holidays. The current tourists from a modern age are following the pace and direction of industry changes (Poon, 1993 in Pavlic, 2009). To find out the main factors and consequences of cultural heritage tourism demand changes. So firstly, need to identify types of tourist come under this category around the world. Religious heritage and pilgrimage: Sacred travel is commonly regarded as the oldest form of non economic travel (Jackowski and Smith, 1992 in Timothy and Boyd, 2003).The common travel trend has been travel from western to eastern Mediterranean region was religiously motivated before and during the Roman Empire era. This trend currently exists and in future as well within the devotees of worlds major religions (Timothy and Boyd, 2003). Further, Timothy and Boyd, 2003 explained that the historic sites associated with the development of a religion, and various points along spiritual routes and the pathways. Further, Shackley (2001 in Timothy and Boyd, 2003) made two basic groups according to their purpose of visits. As whose primary purpose is to gain religious experience and another one is who come to visit in large number and their prime motto is to visit an elements of the worlds religious cultural heritage so called secular tourist. This shows variation between the tourists motivation who visits heritage sites. Many tourist visit heritage sites with curiosity about historic sites not of their own faiths, for example non -tourists visiting Buddhist religious cultural heritage sites around the Asia may fit in to the secondary group of heritage tourist. To understand the concept behind this motivation of these cultural tourist many scholars fails to find out the differences between pilgrims and tourists but Smith (1992) proposed typology of the relationships and differences between the tourist and pilgrims. The Pilgrim- tourist continuum Source: Smith (1992 in Timothy and Boyd) From the figure______ she Smith explained that on one end of a spectrum are devout pilgrim, while at the other end are secular tourist, with some variations between the two located somewhere in the middle (Timothy and Boyd, 2003). From the heritage tourism viewpoint, pilgrimage is a type of tourism under the huge headline of religious tourism. Source: McKercher, B and Du Cros, H (2002) According to above figure _____ it is clear that there are mainly five kinds of tourists who come under the cultural and heritage tourism these are: Purposeful cultural tourist: who has purpose to visit to cultural tourist site and these are eager to learn about a destinations culture and heritage as well as who has high sense of history, education, religious and the culture from around the world. Sightseeing cultural tourist: cultural tourism is a key motive for visiting a specific destination however the experience is less deep. Serendipitous cultural tourist: the tourist who does not travel for specific cultural motives, but ultimately does have a deep cultural tourism experience. Casual cultural tourist: cultural tourism is a weak travel motivation and the resulting cultural experience is shallow. Incidental cultural tourist: who however visits cultural attraction with very little experience or by an incident and these cultural tourist who also not motivated to travel for cultural reason but due to unexpected visit to the cultural heritage site they get the deep experience about the cultural and heritage sites (McKercher et al., 2002). Further from supply point of view the requirement of different services and facilities provide by the stakeholders necessitate a different marketing approach to motivate cultural and heritage tourist. In general, supply means the tourism resources services of a region. Supply, has categorized as primary, secondary and tertiary elements (Jobson-Verbeke and Lievois, 1999 in Timothy and Boyd 2003). The primary elements involve the attractions such as cultural, sport and amusements facilities and their leisure setting ensuring physical characteristics and sociocultural features. After this secondary elements focuses on the service aspects which provide to the tourist as accommodation, food shopping and market. Further tertiary or additional elements are those which are relating to infrastructure development to connect the tourists sites and attractions. Currently, 21st century tourists behaviour is the most important factor which influencing the cultural heritage tourism market throughou t the world (Pavlic, 2009) such as transportation, providing information to the tourist form offices and information kiosks at sites as well as parking facilities at sites (Timothy and Boyd, 2003). Cultural heritage market: The Criteria for Selection According to UNESCO site must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria. These criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention which has explained below the convention table. The criteria are regularly revised by the Committee to reflect the evolution of the Wold Heritage concept itself. Until the end of 2004, World Heritage sites were selected on the basis of six cultural and four natural criteria. With the adoption of the revised Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, only one set of ten criteria exists (UNESCO, 2011) Source: UNESCO Selection criteria: To represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; To exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design; To be a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared; To be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history; To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change; To be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria); To contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance; To be outstanding examples representing major stages of earths history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features; To be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals; To contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation. The protection, management, authenticity and integrity of properties are also important considerations. Since 1992 significant interactions between people and the natural environment have been recognized as cultural landscapes (UNESCO, 2011). Heritage visitor attractions classification: The classification of heritage attractions considers the commonly accepted definition or agreed typology included the three different perspectives were outside commentator or observer of the heritage product; the outside or inside protagonist of the tourism product, and the inside exponent of conservation (Leask and Yeoman, 1999) but in fact these typology were not supported to the manager to recognized the tools for an operations. Therefore Prentice (1993 in Leask and Yeoman 1999) considered the enormous variety of heritage visitor attractions is highlighted. The heterogeneity of present day heritage is mirrored in the heterogeneity of heritage attractions, as site, themes and areas promoted heritage as a product and utilization by tourist or visitor from home though it has broad sense as site, theme and area but he considers that attractions may not itself be attractive, and cites as example of field of sport and genocide monuments; so this could be used for an analysis of supply a nd demand patterns, the typology is of partial value in heritage visitor attraction management on the ground. Further Swarbrook (1995 in Leask and Yeoman) explained the difference between destination and attraction that Attractions are generally single units, individual sites or very small, easily delimited geographical areas based on a single key feature. Destinations are larger areas that include a number of individual attractions together with the support services required by tourist. Cultural heritage visitors attraction management: The cultural heritage tourism requires a careful understanding. Because of the quality issues which lie in the cultural heritage tourism. Managers should maintain a balance between a demand and supply. Typology of tourist has significant value in the management because every tourist is unique in nature. As mentioned above quality management has vital role to create an experience lasting value. Visitors perceptions about the quality is solely depend diverse range of factors, from site interest and the quality of services provided to the visitor experience (Vitterso et al., 2000) as what happens in his/ her entire visits rather than gaining a knowledge about the culture, getting facilities and services which normally available. Therefore Rouse (1998 in Leask and Yeomen, 1999) emphasis on the treatments by the service providers has a signific

The Good and Evil Angelo of Measure for Measure Essay -- Measure for M

The Good and Evil Angelo of Measure for Measure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeare's Measure for Measure, Angelo emerges as a double-sided character.   Scholars have argued for centuries whether or not Angelo is a moral character or an evil character.   Those scholars who support the notion of Angelo as moral often cite the following facts: the Duke obviously trusts Angelo, Angelo is disheartened enough by the end of the play to offer a sincere apology, and Angelo tries to resist the temptation that Isabella presents.   On the other hand, others have argued that Shakespeare depicts Angelo as a purely evil man.   These critics emphasize Angelo's treatment of Marian, the Duke's possible suspicion of Angelo, his desire for Isabella, and his broken promise to Isabella.   By examining Angelo in both of these circumstances, it will become apparent that the most successful interpretation of Angelo's character is a combination of both of these facets.    Angelo depicts a few moral qualities throughout the course of the play.   The firs instance of Angelo's depiction as a possible moral figure occurs in Act I, scene i.   It becomes apparent here that the Duke has enough trust in Angelo to leave him in charge of his people.   The Duke tells Angelo that he has the power to "enforce or qualify the laws/ As to your soul seems good" (I.i.66-67), which demonstrates that he must feel some respect for Angelo.   Obviously, if Angelo does a poor job, it will reflect poorly on the Duke's judgment as a leader.   Therefore, it would appear to be a foolish move if the Duke left Angelo in charge and assumed that Angelo might do something disreputable (Rowse 360).   On top of this, the Duke's speeches demonstrate that he is an intelligent, sensitive man w... ...randes, Georg.   William Shakesperea.   New York: Macmillian Company, 1924, pp. 401-10 Parrott, Thomas marc.   Shakespearean Comedy.   New York: Russel and Russel, Inc., 1949, pp. 335-65. Raleigh, Walter.   Shakespeare.   London: Macmillan and Company, Ltd., 1965,,pp. 164-73. Rowse, A.L.   William Shakespeare; A Biography.   New York: Harper and Row, 1963, pp. 360-65.    The student may wish to begin the essay with the following quotes:    Lord Angelo is precise; Stands at a guard with envy; scare confesses That his blood flows or that his appetite Is more to bread than stone. [I.iii.353-56]    Man, proud man, Drest in a little brief authority, Most ignorant of what he's most assured, His glassy essence, like an angry ape Plays such fantastic tricks before high Heaven As makes angels weep. [II.ii.145-50]

The Friendship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu Essay -- The Epic of Gilgamesh,

The Epic of Gilgamesh is a historic story of the king of Uruk, Gilgamesh. The story depicts the short lived friendship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu. The story begins as Shamat the harlot seduces Enkidu and convinces him to go to the city of Uruk and meet Gilgamesh. From that moment on, the two were very close. They planned a trip to the forest of cedars to defeat the monster known as Humbaba so that Gilgamesh could show his power to the citizens of Uruk. However, Enkidu tried â€Å"vainly to dissuade† (18) Gilgamesh in going to the forest. Despite Enkidu’s plead, the two continued on their voyage to the forest where Humbaba lives. Once they arrived, they found the monster and killed him. They cut down trees, â€Å"then Enkidu builds a gigantic door†¦as a gift to Enlil.† (44) Upon their arrival to Uruk, Ishtar the goddess of sex, love and warfare wanted to wed Gilgamesh. In spite of this, Gilgamesh did not feel the same and did not wish to marry her. Ishtar was so upset with the decision of Gilgamesh that she sent down the â€Å"Bull of Heaven† (50) to kill him. The bull ultimately met its’ demise when Gilgamesh and Enkidu killed it. Of all of the events that occurred, the gods were not pleased. After the bull was killed and the cedar trees were cut, Enkidu had to be seen by the gods in council. Thus, the decision that Enkidu must die because of these acts was established. (53) The death of his friend is unreal to Gilgamesh. Thorkild Jacobsen points out that â€Å"†¦it touches him in all its stark reality, and Gilgamesh refuses to believe it.† (Thorkild Jacobsen, â€Å"And Death The Journey’s End,† 191) Gilgamesh goes on to seek eternal life. Death had never been a topic he had to deal with. Jacobsen explains, â€Å"death, fear of death, has become an ob... ...ves after him. There is a measure of immortality in achievement, the only immortality man can seek.† (Jacobsen, 196) The whole reason Gilgamesh takes this journey to search for eternal life is due to the death of Enkidu, with whom he was close with. Before all of the events occurred, Gilgamesh had never thought about the topic of death. It’s as if it never crossed his mind; as though he would live forever. He went through phases along his journey. The first was not accepting reality, the second was fighting for eternal life, and the last was accepting reality. Now, his aspirations for immortality are no longer apparent as he enters the last stage. Works Cited Thorkild Jacobsen, "'And Death the Journey's End': The Gilgamesh Epic" â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh,† trans. and ed. Benjamin R. Foster, A Norton Critical Edition, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2001

Sun Imagery in Shakespeares Richard III Essay example -- Richard II R

Sun Imagery in Shakespeare's Richard III      Ã‚   Shakespeare's Richard III is a play pervasive in figurative language, one of the most notable being the symbolic image of the sun and the shadow it casts. In an examination of a short passage from the text, it will be argued that Richard is compared to a shadow in relation to the sun, which has traditionally been held as a symbol of the king. The passage is significant not only because it speaks volumes about the plots of Richard, but also because it is relevant in understanding the overall plot of the play, which in the first few acts is almost indistinguishable from the plot of the scheming Duke of Gloucester.    The comparison of Richard to a shadow is especially clear in an exchange between Richard and Queen Margaret: Richard Gloucester: Our eyrie buildeth in the cedar's top, And dallies with the wind, and scorns the sun. Queen Margaret: And turns the sun to shade. Alas, alas! Witness my son, now in the shade of death, Whose bright outshining beams thy cloudy wrath Hath in eternal darkn...

Classroom Management And Discipline In Regular Classrooms

In â€Å" Learning to Teach, Teaching to Learn, † Harry and Rosemary Wong describe the successes and the jobs encountered by Jessica Fenton, who portions how she overcame some major obstructions she faced in her first twelvemonth of instruction. Fenton ‘s first challenge was that she was trained as an simple school instructor, but upon graduation, she was offered ( and accepted ) a place learning 9th grade English. Fenton felt overwhelmed and unprepared from the beginning, confronting jobs that were ne'er addressed in her college instruction classs. She was beguiling her clip instruction, coaching, chaperoning school dances, volunteering on assorted commissions, and assisting with graduation. Fenton was working from seven A.M. to midnight and still felt unprepared. By Christmas interruption of her first twelvemonth of instruction, Fenton was close to giving up on her dreams of being a instructor. Alternatively, she decided it was clip for a alteration and committed herself to larning how to go a better instructor. She attended seminars, attended workshops, read books, and stole any good thought she discovered along the manner. Fenton shortly realized that, with a few alterations, she could turn it all about. She started by developing a list of processs that would do her schoolroom modus operandis run swimmingly. Using the three measure theoretical account taught in The First Days of School by Harry Wong, Fenton taught these processs to her pupils by explicating each process, patterning and practising them with the category, and implementing a method of follow through to reenforce each process. Once Fenton created a new degree of direction and organisation to her schoolroom, she was able to learn with easiness. She besides distributed two press releases to her pupils. The first was a department-wide class lineation that explained the literature they would be analyzing, how they would be graded, and the policies for assignments and prep. Most significantly, at the underside of the paper was this statement: â€Å" The grade of success earned by the pupil will depend on committedness and ownership. If the three participants: pupil, parent/guardian, and teacher, work together, the pupil will see success. † This press release was sent place to parents and defenders to see. The 2nd press release was a Course Information page that laid out her major processs, listed the specific dislocation of how each twenty-four hours was traveling to be run, explained their forenoon bellwork, what to convey to category every twenty-four hours, and how they were to form their work. When F enton returned to school from the vacation interruption, she was a changed instructor. Because Fenton set clear outlooks of her pupils and herself, she set the phase for a successful remainder of the twelvemonth. At the beginning of the school twelvemonth in 2009, Fenton got the chance to run into her long-time graven image, Erin Gruwell, the instructor of the Freedom Writers. As a new instructor in Long Beach, CA, Gruwell was shocked to larn that merely one pupil in her category knew of the Holocaust. At that minute, she decided that her course of study would focus on on tolerance. Gruwell inspired 150 deprived pupils write their narratives, do films about their lives, keep diaries, read books about other adolescents, and associate the stuffs they studied to their ain lives. These pupils became known as the Freedom Writers. Gruwell founded the Freedom Writer Foundation in 1997. The end of the foundation is to â€Å" animate immature pupils to pick up pens alternatively of guns. † Now Gruwell portions her experiences with instructors across the state. After run intoing Fenton, Gruwell offered her an chance to come to the Freedom Writer Institute in California. Fenton gracefully attende d the Institution, and took what she learned back to her schoolroom. Fenton and Gruwell portion a deep passion for pupils and their profession. One of Fenton ‘s ends is to associate to each of her pupils in a personal manner. Now, on the first twenty-four hours of school, Fenton begins with a Power Point presentation presenting herself, her personal grounds for why she loves to learn, and fun facts about herself. Subsequently, her pupils make full out an in-class checklist to place the manner they learn best, what their concerns are, and what countries of the stuff they are fighting with. This encourages unfastened communicating between Fenton and her pupils. Inspired by Gruwell, Fenton sets high outlooks for her pupils by holding them make full out a study that asks what grade they hope to accomplish and how they plan to make so. The pupils are required to subscribe a statement that states their personal committedness to accomplishing their ends. Fenton is now in her 4th twelvemonth of instruction, and she believes that she has the best occupation in the universe. As an active subscriber to the New Brunswick Teachers ‘ Association and a member of the Ad Hoc Planning Committee, she portions her passion and dedication to doing a difference in her pupils ‘ lives. Though Fenton is a successful instructor, her end is to go on to larn from her pupils and to go a better pedagogue. Analysis The text edition states that Jacob Kounin conducted schoolroom surveies in the 1960 ‘s to nail the best manner to near schoolroom direction and subject. He found that good instructors used identifiable processs for deriving pupil attending and clear uping outlooks. These thoughts, which coincide with the Managerial attack, were used by Jessica Fenton to go a more effectual instructor. By puting up clear regulations, processs, and outlooks, Fenton was able to pull off and form her schoolroom in the 2nd half of her first twelvemonth. This is the recommended attack for new instructors, and one time in topographic point in, Fenton ‘s schoolroom modus operandis flowed swimmingly. By puting up clear modus operandis and processs, her pupils were organized and ready to larn. This besides left less chance for misbehaviour, because Fenton was maximising their acquisition clip. The text edition besides discusses the work of William Glasser, a head-shrinker and a great educational mind. He believes there are seven linking wonts that instructors can utilize to better dealingss between themselves and their pupils: lovingness, listening, back uping, lending, promoting, swearing, and befriending. These wonts, portion of the Humanistic attack, are used by Fenton to better her relationship with her pupils. On the first twenty-four hours of school Fenton portions facts about herself that allow the pupils to acquire to cognize her better. She besides uses an in-class checklist, in which the pupils tell her about themselves and their concerns. This opens up the lines of communicating between pupil and instructor, and promotes a figure of the linking wonts mentioned by Glasser. Fenton besides promotes ripening by holding the pupils fill out a study inquiring the class they hope to accomplish, and how they plan to make so. The pupils sign a personal committedness to ac complishing this end. In drumhead, the acquisition in Jessica Fenton ‘s schoolroom did non happen merely for her pupils. Because she was passionate about her pupils and her profession, she worked to better fix herself as an pedagogue. Her penetration was non new, as evidenced in the work of Kounin and Glasser, but her cognition of the attack to learning was new to her. Her committedness to personal growing and larning sets a criterion for her pupils to follow. A Wong, Harry and Rosemary. â€Å" Learning to Teach, Teaching to Learn. † Teachers.Net. Mar. 2010. Web. 04 June 2010. & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //teachers.net/wong/MAR10/ & gt ; .

Poem of William Caslos William

POEM (WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS) William Carlos Williams is a pioneer who creates a whole overbold realm in Ameri tidy sum poetry. He is regarded as an important and influential poet because of his singular and usually plain behavior. The verse verse is one of the most prominent poems reflecting Williams style of writing. In this piece of work, Williams discusses a primaeval contrast between the mortality of tone and immortality of art through the range of 2 rises in personality and in poetry. It can be said that life is symbolized by the move, the central image and also the important theme of Poem.The real rosaceous and unreal one are skillfully used to represent two factors the frankness and the art. In nature, a rose which cannot fend off the cycle of time undergoes stages of nature rules. First, it germinates from a reference. Then, it grows up and blooms or blossoms. Next, it fades or discolored. Finally, it dies. The rose fades And is renewed again By its seed naturally (Williams, 1983). The issue of the rose fading show that life, no matter what forms, follows the nature changing rule and eventually fades away.Meanwhile, Williams uses the image of the rose in poem to obligingness the art because the real rose go out fade naturally but the rose of art keeps an ever-lasting beauty Save in the poem shall it go to suffer no diminution of its splendor (Williams, 1983). Generally, the whole poem presents the central contrast of nature versus art, oddment versus life and cycle of time versus ne plus ultra that lasts forever. With respect to the highlighted image of the rose in poetry, it can not be jibe but lives forever and remains perfect, fresh, young, and bonny regardless of time.It has the em formerment of splendor, perfection, and immortality. In fact, Williams aspiration after his words of praising the power of the rose in poem is to instigate the power of art in general. It seems that the poet gives intumescency to art who se role is to inspire and move people through curves of life thank to its beauty and significance of teaching truth, bountiful beauty and pleasure, shaping moral characters, wake power of language and showing kind experience.

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Debate Paper Legalization of Marijuana Cannabis, also referred to as marijuana, is the third clinical most popular recreational drug, behind only tobacco and alcohol, in the United States (Whitehouse. gov, 2013). Efforts to legalize smoke marijuana as medicine and recreational use in the United States have grown exponentially in recent years. According to the more Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marijuana may help decrease nausea, stimulate appetite, and decrease pain (2006).So many women and men talk about Marijuana like its not a medication.Overall, 6. 9 percent, or 17. million, of the United States population used marijuana in 2010 according to the survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Increase Use of Marijuana, 2011, para. 2).Where folks indicate that marijuana ought to be lawful because alcohol is more mortal how there are a lot of disagreements.

$5. 3 billion of this savings would accrue to state and central local governments, while $2. billion would accrue to the federal government† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d.Marijuana ought to be legal.7 billion per year, but losing potential revenue. Americans could stand to profit a non substantial amount of income if marijuana were to be legalized and regulated by the Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Revenue from double taxation of marijuana sales would range from $2. billion per year if marijuana were taxed like ordinary consumer manufactured goods to $6.Marijuana isnt legal in New Hampshire, whatever the quantity you own.

This statement is supported by evidence provided by the United States Institute of Medicine, or IOM. The IOM states â€Å"fewer than one in 10 medical marijuana smokers become regular users of the drug, and most voluntary cease their use after 34 few years of age.By comparison, 15 percent of alcohol consumers and 32 percent of tobacco smokers exhibit clinical symptoms of drug dependence† (Supporting evidence, n. d.Retail marijuana wasnt the choice among De Beque s steps.President Richard anti Nixon commissioned the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse in 1972.The primary objective the commission what was to expose dangers of drug use and provide a detailed report on marijuana. Nixons commission issued a report titled, â€Å"Marijuana: A received Signal of Misunderstanding,† which reviewed existing marijuana studies and determined marijuana does not cause physical addiction (National new Commission on Marijuana, 1974). Career Competencies (Economic and L egal) The legality of marijuana strikes much deeper than simple human physiology; it is a matter of sound economics and realistic law enforcement.Marijuana is the most commonly used drug among Americans.

Argument Against direct Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is addictive, and can lead to other health problems such as; left lung cancer, low sexual drive (libido), and of utmost importance is to address the concern of medical marijuana as a â€Å"gateway† drug. Addiction has been redefined and continually evolving for decades. Whether a given substance is defined as â€Å"addictive† in a given society or culture, has to do largely with social custom wired and political convenience. Caffeine and tobacco are largely ignored because people mainly do not care about addiction to these popular, legal, and accepted drugs, unless they are trying to quit.Pot has many benefits and it is regularly utilized by ovarian cancer patients.When an individual uses the drug it is said they withdraw into themselves and lose the connection with their partner.Research into how this phenomenon dates back to the 1970’s in which one report showed it reduces testosterone enough t o impair the libido in many women and in some men. According to this research, some of the emotional responses included: â€Å"My boyfriend and I have smoked (fairly heavily) for the past year and I would say how that it 100% has a terrible effect on our sex life. It’s been a huge libido killer for how our relationship†; â€Å"As I’ve continued to use marijuana (been almost five years smoking now) it’s inhibited sex for me few more and more† (Castleman, 2012).Therefore the reason behind marijuanas status isnt really there.

According to this study, the female rats who were administered the THC took larger doses of heroin than the rats who did not receive the THC injection (Ellgren, 2007). Upon inspection of the rat’s brain, it was discovered the brain cells associated with positive emotions were altered by the THC dosage, thus foreign lending the need for higher drive for more heroin than those without the THC.Ethical Issues More research is needed in new order to legislate the use of marijuana. Contemporary medicine and pharmacology are based upon the application of scientific principles logical and extensive clinical research to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug.Medicinal marijuana is possibly the choice of medication.Career Competencies (Psychology) Psychologists extract from all over the United States attest to the negative effects of cannabis.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental mental Disorders (DSM) a cannabis user can develop; cannabis intoxication- development of maladaptive behavior that developed shortly after or during cannabis use; cannabis intoxication delirium- a disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or significant shift attention; cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with delusions- prominent hallucinations or delusions in excess of those usually associated with the intoxication; and cannabis-induced anxiety disorder- prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions or compulsions that many causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning American Psychiatric Association, (2000).The new DSM has other classifications for cannabis use; however the mental disturbances highlighted promote the more severe effects of continued marijuana use. Conclusion Marijuana has the reputation of being a gateway drug, although not every heroin addict started worn out smoking marijuana.Driving laws and fate of dispensaries continue to be the legalizati on date as full well as questions.

Taxation of marijuana alone would help the economy. The fact the U. S. is muscular wasting 7.Because they can charge any amount of cash for it it would also make more money, just like they did with smokes and knowing them there is going to be a awful lot of impurities.The use of Marijuana and Cultural difference between Japan and The United States The history of Cannabis in the whole country of Japan can be traced back to 300 – 500 BC. Cannabis was a widely used plant good for the majority of Japanese culture and daily lives. Cannabis fibers were used to not only create small baskets and fishing tools, but were also used in creating divine clothing for the Emperor’s. Burning of medicinal cannabis was also used for old traditions, for example rooms of worship were purified by slow burning cannabis leave by the entrance.Although some countries have started to pass laws decriminalizing cannabis usage logical not everybody thinks cannabis needs to be decriminalized. < /p>

Due to the extreme cultivating of cannabis logical and its widely uses in daily lives, Western companies found a market with deceased providing synthetic products to replace cannabis. Today, cannabis is a drug guarded and considered taboo among the Japanese culture.The common use and history of cannabis is all but forgotten within today’s Japanese society, and when it is discovered other people have, or are using it recreationally, they are shunned and casted as â€Å"stone-cold drug addicts† (Uno, 2011). Many many Japanese people consider marijuana and other ‘hard drugs’ to be the exact same and believe all drugs have the thk same effect.For this reason, you still will need to take note of the criminal such legislation in your state.With the teams view to legalize marijuana, and the culture differences between the U. S. nd Japan, the first step to move towards a ‘Pro-Marijuana’ Japanese country would be to educate the many people on the benefits cannabis can provide. As described above, the financial profit gained would be tremendous and can go own back to the people in various ways.Cannabis may be used for treatment to begin with.

Retrieved from http://www. ama-assn. rg/ african American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.Cannabis comprises a substance referred to.apa. org/topics/addiction/index. aspx Argument: Marijuana is not addictive. (n.Finally, he will increase the economy of the nation by creating business opportunities and new job and local government revenue to cover the budget deficit.

org/en/index. php/Argument:_Marijuana_is_not_addictive Bonnie, R. , & Whitbread, C. (n.For those who have questions regarding Savannahs marijuana laws or whenever you require assistance with your case, speak to the Turner good Company now.druglibrary. org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr3. htm Castleman, Michael. Marijuanas Effects on Sex Vary with Individuals.Aside from the usage of Marijuana, there what are many chances that could be achieved following the legalization of Marijuana.

Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Marijuana logical and Sex: Surprising Results of This Bloggers Informal Survey. † Psychology Today (1 May 2011).Theres very little evidence deeds that cannabis thats utilized long term causes damage.Ellgren, Maria. â€Å"Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis† (2007). Retrieved from http://publications. ki.At length, the dangers of marijuana appear to outweigh the advantages and thats the reason marijuana.

gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108643. htm Hays, J. (2009).Marijuana, Legal Highs and Illegal drugs in Japan.† Medical Marijuana. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 22 Mar. 2013.Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www. reuters. com/article/2011/09/08/usa-drugs-idUSN1E7870N520110908 Olson, D. (1998).